Other Considerations for the IACUC
Since some proposals may include procedures or approaches that require special considerations due to their potential for unrelieved pain or distress and other animal welfare concerns, researchers should consider alternatives. A commonly used concept that was originally stated by Russell and Burch in 1959 is referred to as the 3 R's - replacement, reduction and refinement. This concept involves replacing or utilizing non-animal models, reduction in the number of animals used and refinement by elimination or reduction of unnecessary pain and distress in animals.
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